A substation is a facility where electricity is generated, transformed and distributed to consumers. It usually contains several pieces of equipment such as transformers, switches and circuit breakers.
How Do Substations Work?
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Substation Components
Components of a Substations and their Functions
A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions.
Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltages. A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltages and lower distribution voltages, or at the interconnection between two different transmission voltages.
There are five main components inside a substation:
1) Transformators
2) Circuit Breakers
3) Busbars
4) Isolators
5) Metering Equipment
1) Transformers: The primary function of a transformer is to change the voltage level of an alternating current (AC).
This is done by using principles of electromagnetic induction, which was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831. The transformer consists of two coils known as the primary winding and the secondary winding that are wrapped around an iron-core. When an AC flows through the primary winding, it creates a magnetic field around the core.
This induces a current in the secondary winding that produces another magnetic field. The ratio between these two fields determines the amount of voltage transformation that takes place. For example, if there is 100 turns on the primary coil (known as low side because it’s wound around one leg of the iron core), then there would need to be 10,000 turns on the secondary coil (known as high side because it’s wound around both legs).
This would result in a step-down transformer since we started with 100 volts on primary side and ended up with 10 volts on secondary side due to 98% being “lost” in magnetizing transformer core and resistance heating losses in conductor windings.. If we had started with 1000 volts on our primary side then we would have ended up with 100 volts on our secondary – this is called stepping up since we increased voltage.. There are three types of cores used intransformers: shell type, core type ,and toroidal type . Shell type has cylindrical coils placed around central yoke while toroidal has ring shaped coils surrounding central ferrite ring . Core type has E-shaped laminations making up its frame with limb sections having rectangular cross sections .
Substation Equipment
Substation equipment is critical for the safe and reliable operation of the electric grid. It includes transformers, circuit breakers, voltage regulators, and other devices that control the flow of electricity.
Transformers are used to step up or step down voltages, while circuit breakers protect equipment from damage by interrupting the flow of electricity in the event of a fault.
Voltage regulators maintain a constant voltage level within a substation.
Other important substation equipment includes capacitors, which store energy and help improve power quality; surge arrestors, which protect against damaging voltage spikes; and grounding devices, which ensure safety by providing a path for excess current to flow to ground in the event of a fault.
Pictures of Electric
Electricity is the flow of electric current through a conductor. The word electric comes from the Greek word for amber, ēlektron. Current is measured in amperes or amps.
Voltage is measured in volts. Resistance is measured in ohms.
When electricity flows through a material, it can cause that material to heat up.
This happens because the electrons bump into the atoms and knock them around a bit. The more resistance there is to the flow of electricity, the more collisions there are and the hotter the material gets.
Transformer Images
What is a transformer?
A transformer is an electrical device that transforms one alternating current (AC) voltage into another. The process of transforming the voltage is called “transformation.”
Transformers are used to change the voltage of an AC signal, either to increase it or decrease it.
How do transformers work?
Transformers work by using electromagnetic induction.
This occurs when a conductor, such as a coil of wire, is placed in a changing magnetic field. The changing field induces a current in the conductor, which in turn generates a magnetic field of its own. This secondary magnetic field can then be used to induce a voltage in another conductor.
The primary coil of wire is connected to the AC power source, and the secondary coil is connected to the load (the device that will use the transformed power). When the primary coil is powered by an AC current, it creates a fluctuating magnetic field around itself. This flux links with the turns of wire in the secondary coil and induces an electromotive force (EMF) across those turns.
The EMF causes a corresponding current to flow in the secondary circuit. Because there are more turns of wire in the secondary than there are in the primary, more Voltage will be induced across those turns than was originally present in the primary circuit. This difference between primary and secondary voltages results in transformation taking place within the transformer.
Transformers come in many different shapes and sizes, but all consist of two or more coils wound around each other on some kind of core material made from either steel laminate sheets or ferrite cores .
Credit: www.irbyconstruction.com
What is the Purpose of a Substation?
A substation is a critical part of the electrical grid. Its purpose is to take the high-voltage electricity from the power plant and step it down to a lower voltage so that it can be sent safely through transformers to homes and businesses. The substation also contains equipment that helps protect against power surges and other problems on the grid.
What are the Three Types of Substations?
There are three types of substations: bus, node, and tie. A bus substation connects two or more circuits together. A node substation connects multiple circuits to a single point.
A tie substation connects two points on the same circuit.
What is a Substation And How Does It Work?
A substation is a crucial part of the electrical grid. It transforms voltage from high to low, or vice versa, in order to distribute electricity efficiently across long distances. The first step in this process is the generation of electricity at a power plant.
This electricity is then carried by high-voltage transmission lines to a substation.
At the substation, transformers lower the voltage so that it can be sent safely through lower-voltage distribution lines to businesses and homes. The distribution lines are often underground, and they carry electricity directly to customers through service drops.
Substations come in all shapes and sizes, but most contain three basic components:
– Circuit breakers that isolate sections of the system for maintenance or repair
– Busbars that conduct electricity within the substation
Can You Live near a Substation?
Yes, you can live near a substation. In fact, many people do! Substations are a critical part of the electric grid, and they are typically located in areas that are densely populated.
Conclusion
A substation is a critical part of the electric power grid. It’s where electricity from the power plant is transmitted to the distribution lines that deliver it to customers. A substation transforms voltage from high to low, or the reverse, using transformers.
This keeps line losses low and allows electricity to flow over long distances with minimal loss.
